Page 169 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第10期

第 46 卷 张英豪，等： 新型智能飞片式电子雷管研究 第 10 期

quantify performance differences with traditional no-primary detonators. Fourth, an underwater explosion test system was
utilized, with an array of pressure sensors measuring shock wave overpressure and bubble pulse energy to assess detonation
stability and energy output efficiency. Fifth, donor/acceptor detonator arrays were set up at 10–50 mm intervals, and high-
speed cameras were used to monitor sympathetic detonation phenomena, verifying compliance with the industrial safety
standard of 40 mm minimum separation distance. Sixth, charge parameters were optimized through iterative testing: primary
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charge (400 mg, compaction density 1.56 g/cm ), secondary charge (200 mg, compaction density 1.41 g/cm ), tertiary charge
(320 mg, loosely packed),the fourth charge layer was eliminated to simplify the production process while maintaining
performance. This multi-scale methodology system provides systematic validation support for the reliability, safety, and
environmental friendliness of the flyer initiation technology. The results were acquired as follows. Optimized main charge
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configuration (primary charge: 400 mg-1.56 g/cm , secondary charge: 200 mg-1.41 g/cm , tertiary charge: 320 mg-loosely
packed) achieved stable detonation，achieve synergistic improvement of detonation performance and safety. When the slapper
generator's necking diameter was 5.6−5.7 mm, the flyer velocity reached the reliable initiation threshold. Lead plate tests
demonstrated superior axial initiation capability compared to traditional no-primary detonators. Underwater explosion tests
confirmed stable detonation performance, with an air-gap sympathetic detonation distance larger than 30 mm, meeting the
40 mm safety requirement for production processes. The innovative elimination of the fourth charge simplified the production
process while maintaining high safety and environmental friendliness. The technical bottlenecks of traditional no-primary
detonators has been broken. The results show that the new intelligent flyer-type electronic detonator completely avoids the use
of sensitive primary explosives through flyer initiation technology. It significantly outperforms traditional designs in initiation
reliability, safety distance, and environmental performance, aligning with the industry's trend toward safer and greener
detonators. This study provides an innovative solution for the field.
Keywords: electronic detonator; flyer; structural design; safety

在采矿和基础设施建设等领域，爆破作业是实现工程进展的关键环节。随着科技的不断进步，工业
电子雷管的出现为传统爆破技术带来了革命性的变革。但是，国内广泛使用的电子雷管基本上由相对
敏感的起爆药剂和点火药剂进行起爆，由于起爆药对冲击、撞击和跌落等外部因素非常敏感，一旦发生
意外，就有可能导致爆炸而发生严重后果，因此在起爆药雷管的生产、储存、运输和使用过程中存在较
高安全风险。此外，起爆药和点火药剂的生产过程往往伴随着大量难以处理的废水，这些废水中含有重
金属及其他污染物，对环境造成了极大的威胁。为此，开发不含起爆药的新型雷管技术，已成为行业技
术进步的重要趋势。在此背景下，无起爆药雷管技术因其安全和环保优势成为研究热点。因此，在
2025 年工信部印发的《加快推进民用爆炸物品行业转型升级实施意见》，明确指出“大力推进无起爆药
雷管技术，实现雷管生产零污染”。
在多条无起爆药雷管技术路线中，飞片雷管因具有突出优势而得到了一定发展。其工作原理是采
用飞片激发装置 [1-4] 替代传统起爆药，利用高速飞片冲击并压缩猛炸药，使炸药内部产生热点并迅速升
温，从而完成炸药燃烧转爆轰（deflagration to detonation, DDT）过程。陈月畅等 [5] 和胡企强等 [6] 发明的飞
片雷管采用激发药燃烧气体剪切驱动预裂内管底部的方式形成高速飞片，冲击起爆雷管底部装药；杜建
国等 [7] 在此基础之上研制了多级变截面飞片激发装置，增强了飞片起爆能力；王惠娥等 [8] 研究了飞片雷
管底部装药药量及密度对飞片雷管爆轰性能的影响；王俊杰等 设计了新型飞片激发装置的无起爆药雷
[9]
管，研究了飞片直径、厚度和中间装药条件对雷管爆轰性能的影响。众多学者的积极研究推动了无起爆
药类雷管的发展和应用。随着电子雷管的全面推广应用，无起爆药基础雷管与电子芯片相结合的新型
智能飞片式电子雷管应运而生。这种新型智能飞片式电子雷管不仅在本质上提高了雷管在生产、储存、
运输和使用过程中的安全性，避免了因起爆药生产所引发的一系列环境污染和安全问题，还有效杜绝了
非法使用，为整个行业的未来发展开辟了新的道路。
飞片激发装置的设计以及底部装药条件和匹配参数都对雷管的爆轰性能有重要影响，合理设计优
化这些要素，不仅可以解决飞片雷管在实际应用中存在的问题，还能简化工艺并确保其在不同装配条件

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