Page 105 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第3期

第 46 卷 第 7 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 7
2026 年 7 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Jul., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2025-0304

冲击作用下红砂岩动态破坏的围压效应 *

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王 磊 ，徐敬皓 ，张慧梅 ，陈世官 ，王远鹏 1
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（1. 西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院，陕西 西安 710054；
2. 西安科技大学理学院，陕西 西安 710054）
摘要： 为研究隧道、煤矿围岩在掘进过程中爆破引起的扰动作用，采用自主研发的带围压装置的分离式霍普金
森压杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar，SHPB）试验系统，对红砂岩试件进行不同围压等级下的动态压缩试验，以探讨红砂
岩在冲击荷载作用下的动态力学响应、破坏模式和能量耗散机制。试验结果表明：无围压状态下，应力-应变曲线呈现
“两阶段”特征；而随着围压增加，应力-应变曲线由“两阶段”向“三阶段”变化。围压显著增强了红砂岩的动态
抗压强度和峰值应变，二者均表现出显著的应变率效应和围压效应。破坏模式和能量耗散方面，无围压时，岩石试件
在较高应变率作用下发生粉碎性破坏；而在围压条件下，试样的破坏程度显著减轻，最终表现为压剪破坏。在相同围
压条件下，随着应变率的提高，反射能、反射率、透射能增大，透射率减小；相同应变率条件下，随着围压增大，岩石反
射能、反射率减小，透射能、透射率增大；试件动态破坏时，耗散能受应变率与围压的协同调控，当围压恒定时，耗散能
及耗散率随应变率增大而增大；当应变率恒定时，二者随围压增大而减小。
关键词： 红砂岩；围压；SHPB；破坏模式；能量耗散
中图分类号： O347.3; TU452 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Confinement effect of dynamic failure of red sandstone under impact

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WANG Lei , XU Jinghao , ZHANG Huimei , CHEN Shiguan , WANG Yuanpeng 1
（1. School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China;
2. School of Science, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China）
Abstract: To investigate the disturbance caused by blasting in the excavation process of tunnel and coal mine surrounding
rock, it is urgent to clarify the mechanical response, failure mode and energy dissipation characteristics of red sandstone under
dynamic load under confining pressure. In this study, the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test system with a self-
developed active confining pressure control device was used to carry out dynamic compression tests on red sandstone
specimens under different confining pressure levels, to explore the dynamic mechanical response, failure mode and energy
dissipation mechanism of red sandstone under impact load. The test results show that the stress-strain curve presents a “two
stages” characteristics under unconfined condition. and the stress-strain curve changes from a “two stages” to a “three stages”
pattern with the increase of confining pressure. The confining pressure significantly enhances the dynamic compressive
strength and peak strain of red sandstone, both of which show significant strain rate effect and confining pressure effect. In
terms of failure mode and energy dissipation, the rock specimen is crushed when subjected to higher strain rate at unconfined
condition. Under confining pressure, the damage degree of the sample is significantly reduced, and finally resulting in
compression-shear failure. Under the same confining pressure, the reflection energy and reflectivity increase with the increase
of strain rate, while the transmission energy increases with the increase of strain rate and the transmittance decreases with the
increase of strain rate. Under the same strain rate, with the increase of confining pressure, the rock reflection energy and

* 收稿日期： 2025-09-15；修回日期： 2025-12-09
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（12172280）
第一作者： 王 磊（1982－ ），男，博士，副教授，wl2013@xust.edu.cn
通信作者： 徐敬皓（1996－ ），男，硕士研究生，19272994150@163.com

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