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第 46 卷 邓发杨,等: 多层纸蜂窝结构的冲击吸能机制及包装缓冲应用 第 6 期
能建立了有限元模型,对比试验结果,验证数值模拟的准确性,结合多层纸蜂窝结构的缓冲特征曲线与
有限元模拟,提出了一套等厚约束下,基于脆值理论的多层纸蜂窝结构包装逆向设计方法,并通过有限
元计算验证,证明了该方法的可行性。本文的主要研究结论如下。
(1) 静压试验中,多层纸蜂窝结构的有效吸能、最大力和平台段力值优于相同厚度单层纸蜂窝,但其
弹性模量与致密位移低于单层纸蜂窝,三层蜂窝结构的有效吸能为 35 J,单层纸蜂窝结构的有效吸能为
21.2 J,三层蜂窝结构吸收的能量增加了约 65.1%。相同应力下,多层纸蜂窝结构的缓冲系数低于单层
结构。
(2) 落锤冲击试验中,落锤冲击能量小于 53.8 J 时,单层纸蜂窝由于峰值力最低,其最大加速度-静应
力曲线的保护区多于同厚度多层纸蜂窝结构;当落锤冲击能量大于 53.8 J 时,因单层纸蜂窝达到其有效
吸能极限,进入致密区,力值大于多层纸蜂窝,其最大加速度-静应力曲线的保护区小于多层纸蜂窝结
构。这是因为多层纸蜂窝通过增加结构内部的塑性铰数量和有序的逐层屈曲,实现了更长时间尺度的
能量耗散。因此,三层纸蜂窝缓冲性能优于单层和双层结构。
(3) 根据试验所得的蜂窝结构缓冲特性与建立的模型,提出针对多层纸蜂窝结构的包装缓冲结构设
计方法,具体而言,通过试验所得结构的动态缓冲特性曲线,设计包装结构,并于已建立的有限元模型中
进行验证。对比产品加速度与其脆值,发现蜂窝面积为 80 mm×80 mm 时,产品的最大加速度为 23.6g,小
于产品脆值 24g,产品安全;当蜂窝面积减为 50 mm×50 mm 时,产品的最大加速度远高于其脆值,证明了
该方法的有效性。该方法为纸蜂窝包装缓冲结构设计提供了快速有效的解决方案,为环保包装材料的
进一步应用奠定了基础。
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