Page 58 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第4期

第 46 卷 朱守军，等： 钛纤维含量对Al/PTFE-RDX组合装药力学行为和爆炸性能的影响 第 4 期

short-cut titanium fiber contents on the quasi-static pressure, shock wave parameters and thermal damage effects of the
composite charge was studied in depth by the free-field explosion test system and spherical explosion container test system
combined with the colorimetric temperature measurement technology. The temperature field of explosion flame was
reconstructed by the colorimetric temperature measurement method with a high-speed camera, which was based on the gray-
body radiation theory. A tungsten lamp calibrated the measurement accuracy of the temperature mapping system, and the
fitting relationship between the temperatures and the gray values of the high-speed images was derived to obtain the conversion
coefficient. The test results of mechanical properties showed that with the increase of titanium fiber content, the elastic
modulus, yield strength and compressive strength of Al/PTFE annular reactive materials under quasi-static compression, as
well as the yield strength and compressive strength under high-speed impact, all exhibited an initial increase, which were
followed by a decrease, reaching the maximum values at 3% content. The experimental results of explosion performance
showed that short-cut titanium fibers could significantly enhance the explosion performance of Al/PTFE-RDX composite
charges. When the content of short-cut titanium fibers was 3%, the peak overpressure of the explosion shock wave, its positive
phase duration and positive impulse were 37.68 kPa, 695.34 µs and 12.34 Pa·s, respectively. With 5% content of short-cut
titanium fibers, the afterburning effect was the most significant. The maximum values of the explosion quasi-static pressure,
average fireball temperature and fireball duration reached 70.50 kPa, 2 782 K and 1 668.90 µs, respectively. Analysis of solid
explosion products indicated that short-cut titanium fibers could enhance the mechanical strength of the Al/PTFE matrix, delay
the fragmentation time of the Al/PTFE annular reactive materials, promote the interfacial reactions, and participate in high-
temperature chemical reactions, generating a synergistic effect and positive feedback to improve the mechanical toughness and
energy release efficiency of the reactive materials.
Keywords: titanium fiber; reactive material; composite charge; mechanical behaviors; explosion power; afterburning effect

活性材料又称为反应性材料或多功能含能结构材料，通常由两种或者两种以上非爆炸性固体颗粒
构成，具有一定的强度、硬度和质量密度 [1-2] 。铝-聚四氟乙烯（Al/PTFE）是最具代表性的活性材料之一，
[3]
其具有能量密度高、机械性能好、安全稳定性高、易制备等优点 。Al/PTFE 在撞击或者高速冲击加载条
件下可以碎化并迅速燃烧、爆燃或爆炸，能释放出大量化学能和反应产物，形成“类爆轰”效应 [3-4] 。质
量比为 26.5∶73.5 的 Al/PTFE 活性材料绝热反应温度超过 3 580 K，其单位质量热值为 8.53 kJ/g，是 TNT
反应热值的两倍多 [5-6] 。该活性材料不仅能对目标实现动能穿透，还能在穿透目标时释放化学能，从而
产生“穿透+爆炸”的复合毁伤效果，有望发展成为一种新型高效毁伤单元，应用于高能战斗部、温压武
器以及特种弹药等领域，从而大幅度提升防空武器、反恐武器和反轻型装甲等武器系统的毁伤能力 [7-9] 。
活性材料因其优异的爆炸性能受到学者们的广泛关注，其动态响应和能量释放特性的进一步优化
已成为含能材料和爆炸毁伤领域的研究热点 [10-11] 。学者们从多个层面进行探索，发现活性材料在受到炸
药爆炸加载作用下能展现更加优异的能量释放特性。Dolgoborodov 等 [12] 和 Sterletskii 等 [13] 发现经机械
活化处理的低密度纳米级 Al/PTFE 活性材料，在添加适量敏化剂后可被炸药激发产生“类爆轰”反
应。李凌峰等 [14] 研究了 Al/PTFE 与炸药组合装药的爆炸释能特性，发现 Al/PTFE 通过多阶段反应显著
增强了中远场冲击波超压并延长了能量释放时间，同时验证了优化组分可协同弥补近场能量损失与中
远场能量增益的可行性。Clemenson 等 [15] 采用高速摄影和光谱法研究了爆炸驱动下活性材料的能量释
放规律，确定了典型活性材料的爆炸驱动能量释放增强效应，并通过调控活性材料的组分和壳体形状分
析了活性材料反应增强机理。
为进一步改善 Al/PTFE 活性材料的能量输出效率和毁伤效果，研究人员通常向活性材料体系中添
加含能粉体或者催化剂。Jiang 等 [16] 通过向 Al/PTFE 活性材料中添加 Bi O 来调控其力学性能和冲击诱
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导化学反应效率，并阐述了活性材料在动态载荷下“热点”形成机制和反应机理。于钟深等 [17] 研究了
添加不同 TiH 含量的 Al/PTFE 在冲击作用下力学行为和反应特性，结果表明，材料的抗压强度、撞击感
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度和反应剧烈程度随 TiH 含量的增加呈先提高后降低的趋势。Wu 等 [18] 的研究发现增加 MgH 含量会
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