Page 20 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第4期
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第 46 卷 第 4 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 4
2026 年 4 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Apr., 2026
DOI:10.11883/bzycj-2025-0040
等效模拟爆炸加载试验技术研究进展 *
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姚术健 ,王延靖 ,陈奕恺 ,陈斐鹏 ,王志富 ,张 舵 3
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(1. 中南大学极端流动力能前沿科学中心,湖南 长沙 410075;
2. 中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南 长沙 410075;
3. 国防科技大学理学院,湖南 长沙 410075)
摘要: 随着全球恐怖主义和工业事故的增加,对基础设施在爆炸冲击下的安全性研究变得尤为迫切。试验作为
探究材料和结构在爆炸冲击下动力响应和损伤特性的关键手段,它能安全、高效、准确地模拟爆炸冲击加载技术成为
了该领域的研究热点与挑战。综述了模拟远场爆炸荷载的等效加载试验技术的研究进展,包括炸药驱动激波管、高压
气体驱动激波管、落锤冲击试验机和液压驱动模拟器等。这些技术在模拟爆炸冲击波方面各有优势和局限,但都致力
于提供一个安全、可控的试验环境,以复现爆炸产生的高速气流和冲击波。通过对比分析,揭示了各种技术模拟爆炸
载荷的准确性、适用性和操作便利性等,并讨论了它们在实际应用中的潜力和挑战。最后,介绍了一种基于液气相变
膨胀的新型模拟爆炸加载试验技术并展望了后续研究方向。
关键词: 等效加载;激波管;爆炸模拟器;结构响应;毁伤评估
中图分类号: O383.3 国标学科代码: 13035 文献标志码: A
A review of equivalent loading test techniques
for simulating explosion load
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YAO Shujian , WANG Yanjing , CHEN Yikai , CHEN Feipeng , WANG Zhifu , ZHANG Duo 3
(1. Frontiers Science Center for Extreme Flows and Energies, Central South University, Changsha 410075, Hunan, China;
2. School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, Hunan, China;
3. College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410075, Hunan, China)
Abstract: Against the backdrop of rising global terrorism and industrial accidents, research on infrastructure safety under blast
impact has become critically urgent. As a pivotal approach for investigating dynamic responses and damage characteristics of
materials and structures subjected to explosive loading, the equivalent blast-loading techniques, which show safe, efficient, and
accurate, have emerged as both a research frontier and challenge. This review synthesizes advancements in equivalent blast-
loading techniques for far-field explosion simulation, encompassing explosive-driven shock tubes, high-pressure gas-driven
shock tubes, drop-weight impact testing machines, and hydraulically-actuated simulators. While each technique exhibits
distinct advantages and limitations in simulating blast shockwaves, all strive to establish controlled and secure experimental
environments that reproduce high-velocity air flow fields and pressure waves generated by explosions. Through comparative
assessment, their performance in load replication fidelity, applicability, and operational efficiency are elucidated, alongside
discussions on implementation challenges and potential. Finally, a novel blast simulation technique leveraging liquid-gas
phase-transition-driven expansion is introduced and the follow-up research directions are prospected.
Keywords: equivalent loading; shock tube; blast simulator; structural response; damage assessment
* 收稿日期: 2025-02-14;修回日期: 2025-07-04
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(12272414);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ30786)
第一作者: 姚术健(1988- ),男,博士,教授,yaoshujian@126.com
通信作者: 张 舵(1977- ),男,博士,教授,duo.zhang@163.com
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