Page 22 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第3期
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第 46 卷     陈嘉琳,等: 重复冲击载荷下Al 0.3 CoCrFeNi高熵合金的动态响应机制与累积损伤效应                      第 3 期

               循线性演化方程为         l =3 162.8v −1 239.9(式中  l 的单位为  nm,v 的单位为     km/s),但在更高首次冲击速度
                                                                      1
                                                       f
                                                                     i
                                         i1
                                f
               下,由于板厚限制,位错线长度出现减小。HEA                    板内的应力分布随刚性球首次冲击速度的升高而扩展,
               最大应力与首次冲击速度呈二次函数关系                   σ =−14.48v +114.04  v 2 i1  +29.02(式中  σ 的单位为  GPa,v 的单
                                                                                                     1
                                                                                      1
                                                      1
                                                                                                     i
                                                               i1
               位为  km/s),塑性区域边界应力与首次冲击速度也呈二次函数关系                          σ =2.81v −0.42  v 2 i1  +9.44(式中  σ 的单
                                                                                                     2
                                                                                 i1
                                                                           2
               位为  GPa,v 的单位为      km/s)。
                         1
                        i
                   (3) 首次冲击对二次冲击的影响:首次冲击在几何特征、变形机制和弹道极限方面对二次冲击的影
               响  显  著  。  HEA  板  在  刚  性  球  首  次  冲  击  后  呈  现  类  梯  形  的  破  坏  区  域  , 其  几  何  特  征  与  冲  击  速  度  的  关  系  为
                           v 2   +2.67(式中  r 的单位为  nm,v 的单位为    km/s),d =d +2h cot θ,刚性球二次冲击的最小影
                                                      1
                     i1     i1                        i                2  1
               r=3.29v −0.45
               响范围与首次冲击存在关系             L=d /2+  d 2 ′  /2。因此,在已知首次冲击速度和二次冲击速度的情况下,可以确
                                           2
               定二次冲击不受首次冲击影响、且毁伤无叠加作用的最小距离                            L =−0.45(  v +v 2 i2  )+3.29(v +v )+2h cot θ+
                                                                                 2
                                                                        min
                                                                                 i1
                                                                                             i1
                                                                                                i2
               5.34(式中  L  n  的单位为  nm,v 的单位为      km/s,v 的单位为     km/s,h  的单位为   nm,θ 的单位为     (°));刚性球
                                                         2
                                         1
                         mi             i                i
               首次冲击速度越高,二次冲击后的剩余速度越高,HEA                         板材料的抵抗能力越低,在距离首次冲击中心
               10 nm  处的弹道极限越低,与首次冲击速度的关系为                   v bl = −0.008 6e v i1 /0.769  +1.383 6  (式中  v 的单位为  km/s,
                                                                                             l
                                                                                            b
               v 的单位为     km/s)。然而,随着二次冲击速度的提高,首次冲击对                    HEA  板的影响减弱。
                1
               i
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