Page 94 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第2期
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第 46 卷           彭江舟,等: 城市建筑外爆威力场与毁伤效应数智仿真模型及应用                                 第 2 期

                   另外,为了描述模型对复杂建筑群构型下冲击波传播特征细节的捕捉能力,本文各选取一复杂建筑
               和建筑群落案例,并分别在            x=55 m  和  x=74 m  处提取其地面和建筑迎爆面、背爆面的峰值超压、峰值冲
               量、冲击波抵达时间,如图           13~14 所示。结果表明,本文所提出的模型对复杂建筑群构型的适用性较强。

                  2 000  OpenFOAM           5 4  OpenFOAM         150   OpenFOAM           Ground surface
                 Peak overpressure/kPa  1 160  y 1  y 2  Peak impulse/(kPa·s)  3 2 1  y 1  y 2  Arrival time/ms  90  y 1  y 2  sampling line
                 1 580
                                                                  120
                                                                        GNN
                                                GNN
                        GNN
                                                                                           Building surface
                   740
                                                                                           sampling line
                                                                   60
                   320
                                                                   30
                  −100
                            40
                        20
                     0
                             y/m 60  80 100  0  20  40 y/m 60  80 100  0  20  40 y/m 60  80 100  y 1
                                                 (a) Ground       150         OpenFOAM     y 2  Explosive source
                                                                                                   x=55 m
                                           5
                  650
                 Peak overpressure/kPa  520  y 2 : back surface  Peak impulse/(kPa·s)  4 3 2 1  y 2 : back surface  Arrival time/ms  120  y 2 : back surface
                              OpenFOAM
                                                     OpenFOAM
                              GNN
                                                                              GNN
                                                     GNN
                  390
                                                                   90
                           y 1 : front surface
                                                                        y 1 : front surface
                                                y 1 : front surface
                  260
                                                                   60
                  130
                                                                   30
                        4
                    0
                            8
                             z/m 12  16  21  0  4  8 z/m 12  16  21  0  4  8 z/m 12  16  21
                                            (b) Front and back surfaces
                                       图 13    复杂建筑构型一随机数据 x=55 m     截面处预测结果
                      Fig. 13    Prediction results at x=55 m cross-section of a random test data in complex geometric building samples
                  200  OpenFOAM           2.0  OpenFOAM           150   OpenFOAM           Ground surface
                 Peak overpressure/kPa  120  y 1  y 2 y 3  y 4  Peak impulse/(kPa·s)  1.2  y 1  y 2 y 3  y 4  Arrival time/ms  90  y 1  y 2 y 3  y 4  sampling line
                                          1.6
                                                                  120
                  160
                                                                        GNN
                       GNN
                                               GNN
                                                                                           Building surface
                                          0.8
                                                                   60
                  80
                                                                                           sampling line
                                          0.4
                  40
                                                                   30
                                                                                            Building 2
                   0   20  40  60  80 100  0 0  20  40  60  80 100  0   20  40  60  80 100  Building 1  x=74 m
                            y/m                     y/m                      y/m         y 4  y 3  y 2  y 1
                                                  (a) Ground
                  200  y 2: back surface  OpenFOAM  2.0  y 2: back surface  OpenFOAM  180  y 1: back surface  OpenFOAM  Explosive
                      y 1: front surface
                  160
                                                                  144
                                              y 1: front surface
                      of building 1
                 Peak overpressure/kPa  100 0  y 3: front surface of building 2 24  31 Peak impulse/(kPa·s) 1.6 0  y 3: front surface of building 2 24  31  Arrival time/ms 108 0  y 3: back surface of building 2 24  31
                                                       GNN
                                                                                GNN
                                          1.2
                               GNN
                  120
                                              of building 1
                                                                                           source
                  80
                                                                   72
                                          0.8
                                                                       of building 1
                      of building 1
                                              of building 1
                                          0.4
                                                                   36
                  40
                                                                       y 2: front surface of building 1
                                                                              18
                                                                           12
                                                                        6
                          12
                        6
                                                   12
                              18
                                                6
                                                      18
                                                                  200
                                          1.0
                                                                  160
                  80
                                          0.8
                                                                  120
                                          0.6
                  60
                  40
                                                                   40
                                          0.2
                  20
                                                                        6
                          12
                   0  y 4: back surface of building 2 24  31  0.4 0  y 4: back surface of building 2 24  31  80 0  y 4: front surface of building 2 24  31
                                                                           12
                        6
                                                   12
                                                      18
                                                                              18
                                                6
                              18
                            z/m                     z/m                      z/m
                                             (b) Front and back surfaces
                                       图 14    建筑群落构型一随机数据 x=74 m     截面处预测结果
                         Fig. 14    Prediction results at x=74 m cross-section of a random test data in multiple buildings samples
                2.2    工程应用:城市复杂场景爆炸预测、三角波曲线重构与毁伤评估
                   提出的建筑外爆预测模型可实现单体建筑、复杂建筑和建筑群落的爆炸超压载荷参数场的准确预
               测。为进一步验证模型在工程实践中的应用潜力,本文针对城市区域爆炸预测、超压时程曲线构建和毁
               伤等级评估进行了测试。
                2.2.1    城市区域建筑外爆预测
                   本文使用     CADMapper [31]  框架在天津港某海湾选取了一个边长为                1.5 km  的区域进行城市数字孪生
                                                         022202-11
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