Page 56 - 《真空与低温》2026年第2期

第 32 卷 第 2 期 真空与低温
2026 年 3 月 Vacuum and Cryogenics 175

液 氢 贮 箱 加 注 -保 持 -排 气 式 预 冷 特 性 及 影 响 因 素 研 究

张荣达，马 原 ，王云龙，王 康，厉彦忠
*
（西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，西安 710049）

摘要：为研究微重力条件下低温推进剂贮箱的加注-保持-排气式（CHV）预冷特性，选择液氢贮箱作为对象，建
立 CHV 预冷全过程热平衡数值模型，计算并分析预冷过程温度、压力及沸腾传热特性，研究加注质量流速、排气
目标压力及气壁温差最小限值对预冷性能的影响规律。结果表明：CHV 预冷前期对低温流体冷却能力利用不足，
更易引发超压风险；CHV 预冷周期内加注、保持和排气阶段壁面降温速率逐渐减小；液壁间沸腾传热集中发生于
加注阶段，该阶段预冷全程以膜沸腾传热为主，平均时间占比达 91%；适当增加加注质量流速和气壁温差限值可
有效改善 CHV 预冷性能，其中质量流速从 0.01 kg/s 提高至 0.05 kg/s 时，壁面降温速率提升 4.9 倍，预冷消耗时长降
低 6.9%，气壁温差限值从 5 K 增加至 20 K 时，预冷消耗时长降低 38%，消耗质量仅增加 10%。
关键词：微重力；液氢贮箱；加注-保持-排气式预冷；特性研究；影响规律
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中图分类号：TB658；V511 .6 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7086（2026）02-0175-08
DOI：10.12446/j.issn.1006-7086.2026.02.008

Research on the Chilldown Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Charge-Hold-Vent
Method for Liquid Hydrogen Tank

*
ZHANG Rongda，MA Yuan ，WANG Yunlong，WANG Kang，LI Yanzhong
（Department of Energy and Power Engineering，Xi’an Jiaotong University，Xi’an 710049，China）

Abstract：In order to study the chilldown characteristics of the Charge-Hold-Vent （CHV） process for cryogenic propel-
lant tanks under microgravity conditions，a liquid hydrogen （LH 2 ） tank was selected as the research object. A thermal bal-
ance numerical model covering the entire CHV chilldown process was established to calculate and analyze the temperature，
pressure，and boiling heat transfer characteristics during chilldown. The effects of the filling mass flow rate，initial tank pres-
sure and the minimum limit value of gas-wall temperature difference on the chilldown process and performance were investi-
gated. The results show that: the prediction results of the present model for the tank pressure and wall temperature throughout
the entire chilldown process show good agreement with the simulation data from the Honkonen model，demonstrating its ca-
pability to achieve accurate predictions of the CHV chilldown characteristics of the LH 2 tank; In the early stage of CHV chill-
down，the chilldown capacity of cryogenic fluid is insufficiently utilized，and there is a greater risk of overpressure. The wall
chilldown rate gradually decreases in the charge，hold and vent stages of the CHV cycle. During the initial phase of CHV tank
chilldown，film boiling dominates the boiling heat transfer between the liquid and the wall，which later gradually transitions
to being primarily characterized by transition boiling. Furthermore，the boiling heat transfer at the liquid-wall interface is con-
centrated in the charge stage of each CHV cycle. Throughout this stage，film boiling remains the predominant mode of heat
transfer，accounting for an average time proportion of 91% over the entire chilldown process. Appropriately increasing the
mass flow rate and the allowable gas-wall temperature difference can effectively improve the chilldown performance of CHV.
When the mass flow rate is increased from 0.01 kg/s to 0.05 kg/s，the wall chilldown rate increases by 4.9 times，and the total
chilldown consumption time is reduced by 6.9%. When the allowable gas-wall temperature difference is increased from 5 K to
20 K，the total chilldown consumption time is reduced by 38%，while the propellant consumption increases by only 10%.
Key words：microgravity；liquid hydrogen tank；charge-hold-vent method；characteristics research；influence laws

收稿日期：2025−12−25
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（52476016；52495001）
作者简介：张荣达，硕士研究生。E-mail：zrd020611@163.com
通信作者：马原，副教授。E-mail：yuan.ma@xjtu.edu.cn