Page 15 - 《水产学报》2026年第01期

1 期 水 产 学 报 50 卷

减 16%、太平洋缩减 9%、印度洋缩减 2.50%) ， state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2020[R]. Rome: Food
[99]
这种变化可能会导致热带金枪鱼原有栖息地环境 and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2020.
的恶化，促使热带金枪鱼向栖息地环境得到改善 [ 4 ] Arrizabalaga H, Dufour F, Kell L, et al. Global habitat prefer-
的高纬度海域洄游 。目前关于气候变化、海洋 ences of commercially valuable tuna[J]. Deep Sea Research
[46]
环境和鱼类种群分布和资源变动之间的耦合关系
Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2015, 113: 102-112.
的研究尚在探索阶段，针对气候变化对种群生长、
[ 5 ] Bianchi G, Skjoldal H R. The ecosystem approach to
觅食、繁殖和洄游所带来的滞后影响尚不清楚，
fisheries[M]. Wallingford, Cambridge, Rome: CABI, Food
未来的研究应重点关注气候变化对种群资源变动
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2008.
的影响过程和驱动机制，并区分不同物种对气候
[ 6 ] Garcia S M, Cochrane K L. Ecosystem approach to fisheries: a
变化的特异性响应，以支撑相关组织制定有效措
review of implementation guidelines[J]. ICES Journal of Mar-
施应对未来气候变化对渔业的影响，提高对热带
ine Science, 2005, 62(3): 311-318.
金枪鱼资源的利用效益，实现渔业的可持续发展。
[ 7 ] Fletcher R. A guide to implementing an ecosystem approach
此外，全球金枪鱼围网渔业广泛采用投放漂
to fisheries management (EAFM) within the Western and
流人工集鱼装置 (drifting fish aggregating devices,
Central Pacific Region[C]. Honiara: Pacific Islands Forum
DFADs) 的方式来提高捕捞效率 [169] ，DFADs 利用
Fisheries Agency, 2006.
金枪鱼类对漂浮物的趋附性来吸引并聚集鱼群，
[ 8 ] Pomeroy R, Phang K H W, Ramdass K, et al. Moving towards
虽然这种方式极大地提高了热带金枪鱼的产量，
an ecosystem approach to fisheries management in the Coral
但作为人类捕捞活动的产物，DFADs 被认为人为
Triangle region[J]. Marine Policy, 2015, 51: 211-219.
地改变了热带金枪鱼自然的栖息环境，并可能对
[ 9 ] Rice J C. Understanding fish habitat ecology to achieve con-
种群产生一些潜在的负面影响：①造成对黄鳍金
servation[J]. Journal of Fish Biology, 2005, 67: 1-22.
枪鱼及大眼金枪鱼幼鱼群体的过度捕捞，降低目
[ 10 ] Lopez J, Moreno G, Lennert-Cody C, et al. Environmental
标鱼种的单位补充量；②作为“生态陷阱”干扰金
preferences of tuna and non-tuna species associated with drift-
枪鱼的索饵、繁殖、洄游等行为，影响其生长速
ing fish aggregating devices (DFADs) in the Atlantic Ocean,
率和繁殖成功率，威胁种群健康发展；③兼捕海
ascertained through fishers’ echo-sounder buoys[J]. Deep Sea
洋中上层生物，破坏海洋生物多样性和生态系统
Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2017, 140:
平衡 [170-173] 。由于缺乏定量数据，目前关于 DFADs
127-138.
对金枪鱼种群和远洋生态系统所造成的长期负面
[ 11 ] Nakamura E L. Observations on the behavior of skipjack tuna,
影响仍然难以评估，进一步探索 DFADs 的生态影
Euthynnus pelamis, in captivity[J]. Copeia, 1962(3): 499-505.
响能够加强对渔业-种群-生态系统相互作用的科
[ 12 ] Magnuson J J. Tank facilities for tuna behavior studies[J]. The
学认知，帮助 RFMOs 采取更合理的管理手段以
Progressive Fish-Culturist, 1965, 27(4): 230-233.
缓解 DFADs 对金枪鱼类和非目标物种产生的负面
[ 13 ] Magnuson J J. Digestion and food consumption by skipjack
影响，对维护金枪鱼种群持续健康发展和海洋生
tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)[J]. Transactions of the American
态平衡具有重要意义。
Fisheries Society, 1969, 98(3): 379-392.
（作者声明本文无利益冲突） [ 14 ] Sharp G D, Dizon A E. The physiological ecology of
tunas[M]. New York: Academic Press, 1978.
参考文献 (References)： [ 15 ] Sharp G D. Behavioral and physiological ecology of tunas and
[ 1 ] Sund P N, Blackburn M, Williams F. Tunas and their environ- their effects on vulnerability to fishing gear[J]. The Physiolo-
ment in the Pacific Ocean: a review[J]. Oceanography and gical Ecology of Tunas, 1978, 397-449.
Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 1981, 19: 443-512. [ 16 ] Dizon A E, Brill R W. Thermoregulation in tunas[J]. Amer-
[ 2 ] International Seafood Sustainability Foundation. Status of the ican Zoologist, 1979, 19(1): 249-265.
world fisheries for tuna: March 2021[R]. Washington, DC, [ 17 ] Gooding R M, Neill W H, Dizon A E. Respiration rates and
USA: ISSF, 2021: 13. low-oxygen tolerance limits in skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus
[ 3 ] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The pelamis[J]. Fishery Bulletin, 1981, 79(1): 31-48.

https://www.china-fishery.cn 中国水产学会主办 sponsored by China Society of Fisheries
12