Page 440 - 《软件学报》2026年第1期

黄宇红 等: 基于 RFID 的无源物联网无线感知研究现状与发展趋势 437

表 4 无线感知新能力研究方向比较

研究方向 现状 趋势
基于AI算法的 利用现有神经网络技术解决感知中的识别追 面向开放环境下, 无线信号存在多样性、动态性, 无线数据存
感知 踪问题 在小样本、难采集的问题, 针对性设计新型网络结构进行解决
当前主要关注毫米级的振动感知, 利用振动带 面向复杂场景下的其他微状态感知进行探索研究, 挖掘射频信
微状态感知
来的相位变化, 对周期性振动信号进行推测 号在不同类型的微状态感知中的能力
主要利用视觉技术对射频感知进行辅助与补 将多种不同的感知模态进行有机结合, 利用多个模态之间的特
多模态融合感知
充, 利用二者的优势进行互补型感知 点进行融合互补

5 总结与展望

基于 RFID 的无源物联网正处于从传统 UHF RFID 向局域组网覆盖式和广域蜂窝覆盖式演进的阶段, 有望以
“标识”为核心构建“万物互联”的基础底座. 基于无源物联网的无线感知则以其标识能力为基础, 进一步将无源标
签作为传感器, 通过标签反向散射的信号特征变化来感知标签自身及其周边状态, 有效结合了标识和感知形成“可
标记感知”能力, 在定位跟踪、物品状态、人体行为、生命体征等感知目标上均展现出特有的应用价值. 未来, 随
着无源物联网技术、架构和标准协议的演进, 其无线感知能力将逐步克服感知范围小、采样稳定性不足、感知协
议不完善等问题, 并在 AI 感知算法、微状态感知、多模态融合等方面拓展感知能力边界, 进一步提升无源物联网
一网多能的“可标记感知”能力, 成为物联网“泛在感知”的重要组成部分.

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