Page 16 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第11期

第 46 卷 第 11 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 11
2026 年 11 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Nov., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2026-0030

不同气压环境下冲击波对人体头颈致伤

力学指标的影响规律 *

王俊龙，马 天，向评文，张林侨，王亚兵，康 越

（军事科学院系统工程研究院军需工程技术研究所，北京 100010）

摘要： 为揭示低气压环境下爆炸冲击波作用于人体头颈时的运动学响应规律，采用集成超压传感器、加速度传
感器、角速度传感器及六轴载荷传感器的高仿真物理假人模型，依托激波管测试系统，在 4 种不同环境气压下依次开
展了 3 种不同冲击波强度实验。结果表明：在 54～101 kPa 的环境压力条件下，自由场冲击波峰值超压随环境气压的降
低整体呈下降趋势（相较于 101 kPa 气压环境，气压环境为 54 kPa 时峰值超压下降约 16.03%），头部各测点的峰值超压
在低气压区间也呈下降趋势。同时，头部质心 x、z 向加速度峰值与颈部 x、z 向力峰值整体随环境压力的降低呈递减
趋势，而头部质心 y 方向角速度峰值和颈部 y 方向扭矩峰值整体随环境压力的降低呈递增趋势，表明在本研究工况下，
低气压环境对头颈系统平动与转动响应的影响呈相反变化趋势。研究发现：基于常温常压条件建立的损伤量化评估
方法在高原（低气压）环境下存在适用性偏差，其原因在于高原（低气压）环境可改变人体生理机能（如低氧、低温降低
组织耐受性），相同冲击波加载工况下伤情往往较平原更重，该方法需在低气压工况下进行校准与验证。
关键词： 爆炸冲击波；低气压环境；峰值超压；致伤指标；动力学响应；激波管实验
中图分类号： O384 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Influence of shock waves on mechanical injury indicators of the human head
and neck under different ambient pressure conditions

WANG Junlong, MA Tian, XIANG Pingwen, ZHANG Linqiao, WANG Yabing, KANG Yue
（Quartermaster Engineering Technology Research Department, Systems Engineering Institute,
Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100010, China）

Abstract: In recent years, with the widespread application of various explosive weapons, the number of explosion-induced
traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases has surged. Current research on explosive blast injuries predominantly focuses on plain
environments, while studies on the injury mechanisms, trauma characteristics, and treatment strategies under the special
physical and chemical environment of the plateau remain relatively scarce. To investigate the kinematic response of the human
head–neck system subjected to blast loading under low-ambient-pressure conditions, this study employed a high-fidelity
physical anthropomorphic surrogate instrumented with overpressure transducers, accelerometers, angular-rate sensors, and a
six-axis load cell. Experiments were conducted using a shock-tube test system at four ambient-pressure levels, with three blast
overpressure magnitudes applied sequentially for each pressure condition. The results show that, under ambient pressures
ranging from 54 kPa to 101 kPa, the free-field peak overpressure decreases with decreasing ambient pressure (relative to
101 kPa, the peak overpressure at 54 kPa is reduced by approximately 16.03%). The peak overpressure measured at various
locations on the head surface also shows a decreasing trend in the low-pressure range. Meanwhile, translational metrics—such
as the peak head center-of-gravity accelerations in the x and z directions and the peak neck forces in the x and z directions—
decrease overall with decreasing ambient pressure, whereas rotational metrics such as the peak head center-of-gravity angular

* 收稿日期： 2026-01-20；修回日期： 2026-05-24
第一作者： 王俊龙（2000－ ），男，硕士，junlongwang107@163.com
通信作者： 康 越（1989－ ），男，博士，高级工程师，goodluckky@163.com

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