Page 148 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第11期

第 46 卷 第 11 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 11
2026 年 11 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Nov., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2025-0419

低动能易碎弹的致伤威力评估 *

梅宗书 ，鲁昌兵 ，覃 亮 ，柴明明 ，陈 鹏 ，陈言坤 1
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（1. 核生化灾害防护化学全国重点实验室，北京 102205；
2. 中国人民解放军 93147 部队，四川 绵阳 621000）
摘要： 针对当前以橡皮弹为代表的传统防暴动能弹在应用过程中致伤致死概率较高的问题，为提高防暴动能弹
的使用安全性，基于现有非致命武器发射载具，设计了一款兼具壳体可靠破碎和粉体分散释能特点的新型低动能易碎
弹。通过对假人靶标和明胶靶标的射击试验，得到了在易碎动能弹钝击下 2 种靶标的冲击动力响应。假人靶标试验
中，该易碎动能弹破碎可靠，动能缓释效果明显。计算得到的假人不同部位损伤评估指标均在安全阈值内，与橡皮弹
钝击试验结果的对比显示，该易碎动能弹在保证致痛性能的同时安全性明显高于橡皮弹。明胶靶标射击试验中，在相
同质量及着靶速度下，易碎动能弹和橡胶弹在明胶内部传感器产生的压强峰值相差约一个量级。试验结果表明，新型
低动能易碎弹通过弹丸壳体破碎和弹丸内部填充粉体飞散，可有效衰减弹丸冲击压力峰值，大幅降低动能弹致伤威
力，可为提高防暴动能弹药使用安全性提供技术支撑。
关键词： 易碎弹；致伤威力；假人靶标；动态响应；破碎释能
中图分类号： O389; TJ012.37 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Experimental study on evaluating the damage power of
low-kinetic-energy fragile projectiles

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MEI Zongshu , LU Changbing , QIN Liang , CHAI Mingming , CHEN Peng , CHEN Yankun 1
（1. State Key Laboratory of Chemistry for NBC Hazards Protection, Beijing 102205, China;
2. PLA Unit 93147, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China）
Abstract: Addressing the high probability of injury and fatality associated with traditional anti-riot kinetic energy projectiles
represented by rubber bullets, a novel low-kinetic-energy frangible projectile with the characteristics of reliable shell
fragmentation and the energy release of powder dispersion was designed based on the existing launch platforms of non-lethal
weapons, aimed to improve the application safety of anti-riot kinetic energy projectiles. Through shooting tests on
anthropomorphic dummy targets and ballistic gelatin targets, the dynamic impact responses of the two targets under the blunt
impacts of frangible projectiles were obtained. In the dummy target tests, the frangible projectile achieved reliable
fragmentation and exhibited a significant kinetic energy slow-release effect; the calculated injury assessment indicators for
different parts of the dummy were all within the safety threshold. Comparative analyses with the blunt impact test results of
rubber bullets show that this type of frangible projectile has significantly higher safety than rubber bullets while maintaining
effective pain-inducing performance. In the ballistic gelatin target shooting tests, under the same projectile mass and impact
velocity, the peak pressure generated in the gelatin measured by the internal sensor differed by approximately one order of
magnitude between the frangible projectile and the rubber bullet. The test results show that the novel low-kinetic-energy
frangible projectile can effectively attenuate the peak impact pressure of the projectile and greatly reduce its injury potential

* 收稿日期： 2025-12-26；修回日期： 2026-04-17
第一作者： 梅宗书（1991－ ），男，博士，工程师，meizongshu@163.com
通信作者： 陈 鹏（1990－ ），男，硕士，高级工程师，xjy5555@qq.com
陈言坤（1985－ ），男，博士，高级工程师，cyk19860110@163.com

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