Page 17 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第9期

第 46 卷 第 9 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 9
2026 年 9 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Sept., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2025-0067

锂离子电池环境的建构物泄爆研究 *

李 刚，李世龙，李秋平，杨雨憧，陆宏利，胥科含
（东北大学火灾&爆炸防治实验室，辽宁 沈阳 110819）

摘要： 利用 8 L 柱形爆炸测试装置通过设置 10.5、15.0、21.2、30.0 和 60.0 mm 五种泄爆口径，模拟探究了锂离子电
池热失控环境下建构物的泄爆规律。结果显示：锂离子电池热失控释放气体（BVG）的泄爆压力 p re 高于 BVG-石墨粉
d
杂混物的 p red ，可以不考虑热失控喷出的固体颗粒的影响；p re 随泄爆口径的增大呈指数衰减、与泄爆装置开启压力
d
p sta 呈对数增长关系；结合规范得到了涉及锂离子电池建构物的泄爆面积计算公式，并给出了常用的泄压比 C 可取
t
0.11。
关键词： 锂离子电池；热失控；泄爆压力；建构物泄爆
中图分类号： O389; X932 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Explosion venting studies of constructure in lithium-ion
battery environments

LI Gang, LI Shilong, LI Qiuping, YANG Yuchong, LU Hongli, XU Kehan
（Fire & Explosion Protection Laboratory, Northeast University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China）

Abstract: Lithium-ion battery thermal runaway (LIBTR) poses a serious explosion hazard in enclosed spaces such as
warehouses, charging rooms, and energy storage facilities. Despite the increasing attention and regulation of explosion venting
in battery storage systems, the current standards lack specific guidance for calculating venting areas in LIBTR environments.
To address this issue, an experimental study was conducted in this study using an 8-liter cylindrical explosion tank equipped
with five different diameters (10.5, 15, 21.2, 30 and 60 mm) and venting devices with adjustable static opening pressures. The
gas released by the thermal runaway of ternary lithium-ion batteries was used as the experimental material. CO, H , CH , C H ,
2
4
2
4
and CO were pre-mixed in actual proportions and used as a combustible mixture. At the same time, graphite dust with a D50
2
of 4 μm and a carbon purity of 99% was added to the hybrid explosion test to determine the effect of anode graphite dust on the
explosion venting characteristics of lithium-ion batteries. High-energy ignition was used to simulate the worst-case scenario,
igniting pure BVG (battery vent gas) and BVG-graphite dust mixtures under turbulent conditions. The pressure sensor
monitored the real-time overpressure and recorded the maximum explosion relief pressure (p ) as the critical output. The
red
results showed that the p produced by pure BVG was always higher than that of the mixture containing graphite, indicating
red
that graphite particles have a mitigating effect on the severity of the explosion, which may be due to heat absorption. Therefore,
the influence of solid particles ejected by thermal runaway can be ignored when designing the explosion relief. p decays
red
exponentially with the increase of the explosion relief diameter and grows logarithmically with the opening pressure p of the
stat
explosion relief device. Based on the experimental data and combined with the specification GB50016, the calculation formula
for the explosion relief area of lithium-ion battery structures was obtained, and the commonly used pressure relief ratio C is
given as 0.11.
Keywords: lithium-ion batteries; thermal runaway; reduced explosion pressure; explosion venting of constructure

* 收稿日期： 2025-03-04；修回日期： 2025-05-15
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（52274180）
第一作者： 李 刚（1969－ ），男，博士，教授，ligang@mail.neu.edu.cn

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