Page 33 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第8期

第 46 卷 第 8 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 8
2026 年 8 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Aug., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2025-0278

燃料空气炸药云团的起爆裕度 *

贾大卫，何 超，周 涛，管 璇
（西安近代化学研究所，陕西 西安 710065）

摘要： 考虑二次起爆药柱位于燃料空气炸药（fuel air explosive, FAE）抛散后形成的云团外围的情况，开展云团起
爆裕度研究。设计了装药质量为 12.5 kg 的 FAE 样机，通过抛散试验确定了云团的最大半径。将 1 kg 级 HMX 基炸药
作为二次起爆药柱，通过试验研究，基于高速和超压测试得到了药柱距云团边缘的距离和云团起爆状态的关系，并确
定了距离阈值。以云团边缘超压峰值作为衡量起爆裕度的指标，通过经验公式和数值模拟研究了满足云团起爆条件
的边缘超压峰值的阈值，并基于临界能量流判据对超压峰值进行了辅助验证。结果表明：将 1 kg 级 HMX 基炸药置于
云团外围同样可以使云团产生爆轰现象，但距云团边缘的距离不应超过 0.5 m；当二次起爆药柱能量足够使云团发生
稳定爆轰时，二次起爆药柱的位置对爆轰超压的影响不大；为保证云团的起爆性能，二次起爆药柱产生的云团边缘超
压峰值不应小于 5 MPa。本文考虑了云团起爆的严苛条件，研究结果可为二次起爆药柱设计提供支撑。
关键词： 燃料空气炸药；云团起爆裕度；二次起爆药柱；边缘超压峰值
中图分类号： O381 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Ignition margin of fuel-air explosive cloud

JIA Dawei, HE Chao, ZHOU Tao, GUAN Xuan
（Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China）

Abstract: This study focuses on the scenario in which the secondary initiation charge column is positioned at the periphery of
the cloud formed subsequent to the dispersion of the fuel-air explosive (FAE). It conducts in-depth research on the initiation
margin of the cloud. A prototype filled with 12.5 kg of colud explosive was meticulously designed. The maximum radius of the
cloud was precisely determined through a series of dispersion tests. A 1-kg-HMX-based explosive was employed as the
secondary detonator explosive. Through comprehensive experimental investigations, including high-speed and overpressure
tests, the relationship between the distance of the charge column from the edge of the cloud and the initiation state of the cloud
was established, and the distance threshold was accurately determined. Using the peak overpressure at the edge of the cloud as
an index to measure the initiation margin, the threshold of the peak overpressure at the cloud edge that satisfies the initiation
conditions of the cloud was investigated via empirical formulas and numerical simulations. The peak overpressure was further
verified based on the critical energy flow criterion. The results indicate that placing a 1-kg-HMX-based explosive at the
periphery of the cloud can also trigger the cloud to detonate, provided that the distance from the cloud edge does not exceed 0.5 m.
When the energy of the secondary initiation charge column is adequate to trigger stable detonation of the cloud, the location of
the secondary detonator explosive exerts minimal influence on the detonation overpressure. To guarantee the initiation
performance of the cloud, the peak overpressure at the edge of the cloud generated by the secondary detonator explosive should
not be lower than 5 MPa. This study takes into account the stringent conditions for cloud initiation, and the research findings
can offer support for the design of the secondary initiation charge columns.
Keywords: fuel-air explosive; cloud ignition margin; secondary initiation explosive charge; edge peak overpressure

* 收稿日期： 2025-08-24；修回日期： 2025-10-09
基金项目： 国防科技卓越青年科学基金（J-JK-ZQ-2101）
第一作者： 贾大卫（1995－ ），男，博士，助理研究员，dwjnwpu@163.com
通信作者： 周 涛（1979－ ），男，博士，研究员，sflantian@163.com

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