Page 43 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第3期

第 46 卷 第 7 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 7
2026 年 7 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Jul., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2025-0248

杆状弹丸头形对其超高速撞击薄板的影响分析 *

文 肯 ，柯发伟 ，邹胜宇 ，李 毅 1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
（1. 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所，四川 绵阳 621000；
2. 飞行器流体物理全国重点实验室，四川 绵阳 621000）

摘要： 为研究杆状弹丸头形对其超高速撞击薄板的影响，采用 SPH（smoothed particle hydrodynamics）方法，开展了
平头、半球头、锥头等典型头形杆状弹丸超高速撞击薄板的数值仿真。结果表明，大钝角锥头及平头与薄板撞击产生
的冲击波最强、弹体破碎最剧烈、弹体质量和轴向动能损失最大，小钝角锥头、尖锥头及半球头次之。对弹头与薄板
撞击产生冲击波的过程进行了建模分析，结果表明，存在弹头临界半锥角（与撞击速度、弹靶材料相关），使弹体破碎
最剧烈。研究结果可为非球形空间碎片防护设计等超高速碰撞问题提供参考。
关键词： 杆状弹丸；弹头形状；超高速碰撞；薄板；冲击波
中图分类号： O383 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Effects of warhead shape on hypervelocity impact of
a rod-shaped projectile onto a thin plate

1,2
1,2
1,2
WEN Ken , KE Fawei , ZOU Shengyu , LI Yi 1,2
（1. Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,
Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China;
2. National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Physics in Fluids, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China）

Abstract: When a projectile impacts a thin plate at hypervelocity, the projectile material usually undergoes deformation,
fragmentation, and even phase transition under the action of a complex wave system, forming a secondary debris cloud. It has
been shown that the head shape of the rod affects the hypervelocity impact between the rod and a thin plate. A series of SPH
(smoothed particle hydrodynamics) numerical simulations of the hypervelocity impact by rods with flat head, hemispherical
head, and cone head at impact velocities of 3.30 km/s and 6.0 km/s and length-to-diameter ratios of 2/1 and 3/1 were carried
out. Simulation results show that the intensity of the shock wave and the failure in the material are affected by the head shape
of the rod. With the impact across the plate, the mass loss and kinetic energy loss of the rod are related to the head shape.
Obtuse cone head and flat head impact produce the strongest shock wave, most intense projectile fragmentation, and largest
loss of rod mass and kinetic energy. A model of the interaction between the rod and the plate, as well as the shock wave
generation during the impact, was built. The model shows that there exists a critical half-cone angle (related to the impact
velocity and the target material), which leads to continuous interaction between rod and plate and makes the fragmentation of
the rod projectile the most violent. For the hypervelocity impact of projectiles with different shapes, in a previous work, the
impact-induced shock wave in a cone is more severe than that of a sphere or a rod, while another work has an inconsistent
result. The model was successfully used to explain the contradictory results. This paper can provide some references for the
research of hypervelocity impact and the protection design of space debris.
Keywords: rod-shaped projectile; warhead shape; hypervelocity impact; thin plate; shock wave

* 收稿日期： 2025-08-04；修回日期： 2025-10-11
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（12202481）
第一作者： 文 肯（1994－ ），男，博士，工程师，wenkensc@163.com

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