Page 116 - 《爆炸与冲击》2026年第6期

第 46 卷 第 6 期 爆 炸 与 冲 击 Vol. 46, No. 6
2026 年 6 月 EXPLOSION AND SHOCK WAVES Jun., 2026

DOI：10.11883/bzycj-2025-0399

复合型聚能药型罩作用下岩石的定向断裂 *

黄 琦 ，郭雁潮 ，刘 朕 3
2
1
（1. 中国矿业大学（北京）力学与土木工程学院，北京 100083；
2. 内蒙古科技大学安全与应急管理学院，内蒙古 包头 014010；
3. 北京科技大学未来城市学院，北京 100083）

摘要： 为克服岩石爆破过程中裂纹扩展的随机性导致的定向断裂控制难的问题，提高岩石定向断裂爆破的能量
利用效率，设计了一种“切缝+聚能”复合型药型罩结构，采用动态焦散线实验与数值模拟相结合的方法，研究了药型
罩开口角度对裂纹扩展与能量释放的影响。结果表明：复合型聚能药型罩能够显著增强聚能方向裂纹扩展并抑制非
聚能方向损伤，聚能效应随开口角增大呈先增强后减弱的变化规律。开口角为 60°时，裂纹扩展长度、裂纹扩展速度、
聚能与非聚能方向分形维数比值及动态应力强度因子均达到峰值，定向断裂效果最佳；能量释放率随开口角增大呈上
升趋势，在 75°时达到 746.05 N/m。数值模拟显示，开口角为 60°时形成的金属射流形态最完整、头部速度最高，对岩石
的侵彻深度和入射孔径分别达到 21.5 和 14.1 mm。
关键词： 聚能装药；复合药型罩；动态焦散线；分形维数
中图分类号： O389; O349.2 国标学科代码： 13035 文献标志码： A

Experimental and numerical study on directional rock fracture induced by
a composite shaped charge liner

1
2
HUANG Qi , GUO Yanchao , LIU Zhen 3
（1. School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;
2. School of Safety Emergency Management, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,
Baotou 014010, Inner Mongolia, China;
3. School of Future Cities, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）

Abstract: Crack propagation in rock blasting exhibits strong randomness, making directional fracture control difficult and
leading to low energy utilization efficiency, which remains a key issue in controlled blasting. To improve the energy utilization
efficiency in directional fracturing, a composite shaped charge liner with a “slotting + shaped-charge” structure was designed.
A combination of dynamic caustics experiments and numerical simulations was employed to investigate the effects of liner
opening angle on crack propagation and energy release. In the experimental study, dynamic caustics technique was used to
capture the initiation and evolution of cracks under blasting loading, and key dynamic parameters such as crack propagation
velocity and stress intensity factor were obtained from caustic patterns. Meanwhile, fractal dimension analysis was introduced
to quantitatively characterize the complexity and directional distribution of blast-induced cracks. In the numerical study, a
fluid-structure coupled model was established to simulate the blasting process, enabling further analysis of stress wave
propagation, energy release behavior, and the formation and penetration characteristics of the shaped charge jet under different
opening angles. The results show that the composite shaped charge liner significantly enhances crack propagation in the

* 收稿日期： 2025-12-08；修回日期： 2026-04-14
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金（52227805）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金（2025QN05098）
第一作者： 黄 琦（2002－ ），男，硕士研究生，2287170499@qq.com
通信作者： 郭雁潮（1993－ ），男，博士，讲师，2024945@imust.edu.cn

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